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Discussion The present study used brain imaging to investigate cortical activity associated with passive viewing of pictorial HWLs. While one recent study found that current smokers' neural response to graphic images did decrease across multiple scanning sessions, this finding may have been influenced by changes in participant fatigue across the hour-long scanning protocol. Face repetition effects in implicit and explicit memory tests as measured by fMRI. Finally, we tested the prediction that participants would show greater fMRI adaptation effects examined with the previous contrast to images thought to be less potent domestic HWLs than to images thought to be more potent foreign HWLs. Compared to the sequential presentation of identical HSWs, the sequential presentation of different HWLs elicited greater activation in a network that, to a large extent, mirrored the network already identified as being responsive to HWLs in general vs. One key question related to HWL effectiveness concerns the extent to which, and speed with which, smokers adapt or become accustomed to graphic HWLs.

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Interestingly, we did not observe the predicted interaction between the RS effect and image type. Kanwisher N, Yovel G. Data preprocessing was conducted in Statistical Parametric Mapping SPM12 software and included motion correction, slice-time correction, spatial normalization, and spatial smoothing using an 8 mm full-width half-maximum Gaussian kernel.

Acknowledgments This paper is based on data collected in JF's thesis and the work described here has not been published previously, except in the form of an academic thesis Prior to scanning, each participant completed a standardized questionnaire about his or her smoking habits. Tobacco Control 15 Suppl 3: To this end, cognitive neuroscientists have begun to investigate the relationship between brain activity elicited during viewing of pictorial HWLs and its relationship to traditional measures of their effectiveness.

However, another study by Ishai et al. Despite the nascent database of neuroimaging studies on mechanisms underlying response to HWL's, a number of important questions remain regarding the optimal design and deployment of graphic HWLs for tobacco products.

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Modulation of transient and sustained response components of V4 neurons by temporal crowding in flashed stimulus sequences. Open in a separate window. Vision specific RS occurs at stages as early as the retina 60 and as late as the visual cortex 61 — Each participant briefly practiced the task outside the scanner suite to familiarize them with the procedure and task. Neural repetition suppression reflects fulfilled perceptual expectations.

Abstract Graphic health warning labels HWLs depicting bodily injury due to smoking are effective for producing changes in affect, cognition and smoking behavior in adult smokers.

As an additional test, we compared the results of this contrast in the first and first and second fMRI runs. Face processing impairments after encephalitis: This task was designed to ensure that the participant was observing the stimuli.

Possession of such measures would allow the neuroimaging data to be examined in finer detail. Support Center Support Center. And longitudinal studies might examine the impact of these images after realistic delays time between purchasing cigarette packages at the store, time between cigarettes on the effects of HWLs. The human amygdala and the emotional evaluation of sensory stimuli.

Repetition suppression of faces is modulated by emotion.

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This is certainly consistent with these data. Hlws, this area is known to exhibit RS effects in response to face stimuli 3857 — Pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs in the United States: Protocol To examine brain activity, we asked each participant to view images presented on a computer screen.

Contrasts comparing conditions of interest were created at the first level, and then fed into 2nd level ANOVA's for hypothesis testing. Using this approach, researchers have identified a putative neural network responsible for processing pictorial HWLs which includes attentional networks i.

hwl Cancer Causes Control 23 Suppl. One key question related to HWL effectiveness concerns the extent to which, and speed with which, smokers adapt or become accustomed to graphic HWLs.

All authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript. This paper is based on data collected in JF's thesis and the work described here has not been published previously, except in the form of an academic thesis Impact of graphic and text warnings on cigarette hw,s Even though this potential artifact is worth mentioning, there is no reason to think that such a biological effect would only influence one stimulus type and not the other, or have an interaction with the jwls of repeated vs.

Cereb Cortex Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers;